Astro 105 Summer 2020

             The Stars and Galaxies

             IUPUI

                    Brian Woodahl (2019)

                    Brian Woodahl (2007)

                    bwoodahl@iupui.edu

                    (Don't Use Canvas to contact me, use email link)

                    Office: LD 156-S, 278-9244

                    Class: WEB (was BS 3009, Tue, Wed, Thur 11:00 - 1:00)

                    http://woodahl.physics.iupui.edu/Astro105Summer/

                    Is the University open/closed today?

Exam 1 Scores

• Exam 1 scores have been uploaded to Canvas. The average was a 25 out of 30 (83%).

Week 3 Video Lectures and Images

• "Main-Sequence Birth" #11 Video Lecture

• An Interstellar Medium Containing Carbon Monoxide (Radio Frequencies)

• Cold, Molecular, Star-Forming Cloud (Infrared Frequencies)

• Interstellar Dust Grain: Easily Scatters Blue Light

• Pink Floyd DSOM: Scattering of Light: Violet and Blue Scatter More (Bending Angle Greater) Than Red and Orange

• Blue Sky and Red Dawn on Earth

• Atmospheric Scattering of Light: Blue Daytime Skies and Red Dawn

• Gravitational Forces Generate Lumpy Protostar

• Birth Process of Star

• Artistic Rendition of Star Birth

• Main-Sequence Lifetimes

• Red Dwarfs

• "Variable Stars" #12 Video Lecture

• On The Road to Giantdom

• Main-Sequence Versus Giant

• "Death of Low Mass Stars" #13 Video Lecture

• The Helium Flash Turning Point

• Hydrogen-Shell Burning Star

• The Double-Shell Red Giant

• Nova

• "Death of High Mass Stars" #14a Video Lecture

• "Death of High Mass Stars" #14b Video Lecture

• "Death of High Mass Stars" #14c Video Lecture

• The Multiple Layers of a High-Mass SuperGiant

• Death of a High-Mass Star: Supernova (Crab Nebula Produced in 1054 AD)

• Visible Remnants of Supernova: Nebula (Eskimo Nebula)

• Neutron Star

• Pulsar

Gentle Reminder: Exam 1 (Online at 11:00 AM on Tuesday, May 26)

• 10 questions/problems, review all your notes

• Details posted in Canvas > Announcements

Exam 1 Study Guide

• Exam 1 Study Guide

Week 2 Video Lectures and Images

• "Spectra and the Doppler Effect" #6 Video Lecture

• Spectra of Helium, Sodium, and Neon

• Absorption Spectra

• Niels Bohr (sitting with Einstein): Architect of Modern Theory of Atomic Physics

• Photon (wavy line) Being Absorbed by Atom -> Electron (solid blue line) Jumps Up into Higher Orbit

• Atom Emitting a Photon (wavy line) -> Electron (solid blue line) Jumps Down into Lower Orbit

• Sound Produced by Stationary Source

• Sound Produced by Moving Source: Doppler Effect

• Doppler Effect on Spectra: Redshifting and Blueshifting

• "Parallax Formula and Surface Temperatures" #7 Video Lecture

• Our Visible Universe is Home to 10²² Stars

• Proxima Centauri

• Stellar Parallax: Determines Distance to Nearby Stars

• Stars with Higher Surface Temperatures Emit Mostly Shorter Wavelengths

• Spectral Types: O, B, A, F, G, K, M

• "Stellar Mass" #8 Video Lecture

• Binary Star Systems

• Mass Information from Doppler Shift of Spectra from a Binary Star System

• "Stellar Brightness and the H-R Diagram" #9 Video Lecture

• Absolute Brightness or Luminosity Versus Apparent Brightness

• Light From Stars Obeys an "Inverse Square Law"

• The Hertzsprung-Russell or H-R Diagram

• H-R Diagram with the Instability Strip

• "Spectroscopic Parallax" #10 Video Lecture

• Traditional H-R Diagram with the Absolute Magnitude Scale (on right-hand side)

• Our Sun as Red Giant

• The Red SuperGiant Betelgeuse (Hubble): Diameter is Larger than Jupiter's Orbit Around the Sun

• Comparing Sizes: SuperGiants to White Dwarfs

Week 1 Video Lectures and Images

• "Introduction to the Sun" #1 Video Lecture

• The Big Picture (actually it's a somewhat small picture)

• Examples of Some Big Numbers

• Astronomy, the Oldest of the Sciences, 5000 Years Old: Stonehenge

• Approaching Modernity: Galileo Galilei's 1610 AD Notebook Page (Who Needs Computers?)

• Our Sun (oh was it angry when we took its picture)

• Temperature: Simply a Measurement of Particle Velocity

• "Kelvin & Helmholtz Theory, Sun's Exterior" #2 Video Lecture

• Authors of the ill-fated: chemical reactions due to gravitational collapse theory, of Kelvin and Helmholtz

• Sunspot Formations

• Magnetic Field Lines Trap Moving Charged Particles (Thus They Spiral)

• Solar Prominences (Filaments)

• Solar Flare

• Coronal Mass Ejection (Orange Disc is Photosphere, Red Disc is Chromosphere, X-Ray Photography)

• "Proton-Proton Chain" #3 Video Lecture

• Atoms: The Building Blocks of Nature

• Water Molecule: Two Hydrogen Atoms and One Oxygen Atom

• The 4 Fundamental Interactions (Forces)

• The 4 Fundamental Forces Occur Only at Moderately Low Temperatures

• Nuclear Reactions: Fission and Fusion

• Sun's Proton-Proton Chain Fusion Reaction (4 Protons Produce Helium + Energy)

• Details of the Proton-Proton Chain

• Proton-Proton Chain in Action

• Sun In Hydrostatic Equilibrium

• "The Solar Neutrino Problem" #4 Video Lecture

• Sun's Inner Structure (Layers Not Necessarily To Scale)

• Neutrino (Artistic Rendition)

• Homestake Neutrino Detector in South Dakota

• Ray Davis, 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics for the Detection of Cosmic Neutrinos During 1960's

• Quarks Fundamental Particles, Three Quarks in Every Proton and Neutron

• "The Physics of Light" #5 Video Lecture

• Einstein (in 1904): Speed Of Light is the "Speed Limit of Our Universe"

• Light Waves Possess Wavelength and Frequency

• Visible Light is a Small Part of the Entire Electromagnetic Spectrum

• Isaac Newton (in 1670): White Light Contains All the Visible Colors (Visible Frequencies)

• Duality of Light: Light Is Both a Wave and a Particle

• Wave Aspect of Light: Young's Interference Patterns

• Particle Aspect of Light: Einstein's Photoelectric Effect

• James Maxwell (in 1860): Father of the Famous Maxwell Equations Governing the Behavior of Light

• Blackbody Radiators Produce Signature Intensity Profiles

• Wilhelm Wien (in 1893): Developed Theory (Wien's Law) for the Brightest Color of a Blackbody Radiator

Links to the Optional Textbook (Summer 2020)

• Textbook purchase is totally optional.

• Universe: Stars and Galaxies, Sixth Ed, 2019, Freedman; Geller; Kaufmann (paperback and loose-leaf)

• Universe: Stars and Galaxies, Sixth Ed, 2019, Freedman; Geller; Kaufmann (eTEXT)

Important Dates

• Exam 1: Tuesday, May 26 (11:00 AM to Noon)

• Exam 2: Tuesday, June 9 (11:00 AM to Noon)

• Paper due: Thursday, June 11 (by 11:59 PM)

• Exam 3: Tuesday, June 23 (11:00 AM to Noon)

Weighting of Course Components

• Exams (Using the best 2 out of the three): 85 %

• Paper: 15 %

Exam Information

• Three exams (none are comprehensive).

• Approximately 10 partial-credit questions/problems. Study guides will be posted about a week before the exam.

• Scores will be posted online to Canvas (exams are not returned to students).

• Students need not take last exam, if they are satisfied with their scores on the first two exams.

Paper Information

• Typed, double-spaced, single-sided, and a minimum of one thousand words. Submitted as PDF.

• Topics: Pick one topic from the Exam I Study Guide and explain it in detail in your own words.

• Make sure you include your full name (upper righthand corner).

• Due by 11:59 PM on Thursday, June 11. No late submittals allowed.

• The paper must be emailed as a PDF to: bwoodahl@iupui.edu

• You will receive a confirmation email from me, verifying I have received it.

Grades

• Standard grading percentages are employed (70% and above is C, 80% and above is B, 90% and above is A)

• There is (unadvertised) curving on the C range and to a lesser degree, some curving on the B and A ranges.

NOTICE: WEATHER CONDITIONS

• Weather related cancellations will be announced on this page -- Please do not email me asking if class has/will be cancelled

Amazon.com Links for Previous Textbooks (old)

• The Cosmic Perspective: Stars and Galaxies (7th Edition)

• The Cosmic Perspective, Both Volumes (7th Edition)

• The Cosmic Perspective, Both Volumes (6th Edition)

• Amazon.com Textbook Rentals

Imagining the Tenth Dimension

• Many thanks to Ryan Bertram (Astro A100 student), who introduced me to this neat YouTube video (courtesy of Rob Bryanton, Canadian author) that discusses the ten possible dimensions of our universe.

• Imagining the Tenth Dimension

Gravity Simulator

• Many thanks to Tim McCormick (Astro A100 student), who introduced me to this fantistic webpage that models early solar system formation.

• Nowy Kurier's Gravity Simulator

Sizes (Orders of Magnitude)

• Many thanks to Elizabeth Potter (Astro A105 student), who showed me this neat webpage highlighting the relative sizes from the Local Group down to Quarks (and the corresponding orders of magnitude, or powers of ten)

• Secret Worlds: The Universe Within

Excellent Beginner's Telescope for General Astronomy

• Orion SpaceProbe 130ST Equatorial Reflector

• Other Telescopes Available in the Astro 100 Store

• Texts Also Available in the Astro 100/105 Store

FYI (and Just For Fun)

• Big Stig

• That's A Nice One, I Made That

• Top Gear

• Hans Stuck Around Nurburgring

• Is Newton's Second Law Correct at Small Accelerations?

• Top Gear's Review of GTI W12

• Rossi And a Yard of Bricks

• Mustangs and Corvettes Pray That They Do Not See This Dub At The Track (Warning: Contains Expletives)

• MESSENGER's Color-Enhanced Imagery of Mercury

• Our Solar System Might Be Rare

• Make Room For MakeMake

• String Theory: The Myth Of Time

• Video Images from 2008 Indy MotoGP

• The Official MotoGP.com

• Latest "Crash.net" News

• MotoGPod

• RideOnTwo.com

• Latest Yamaha Racing News

• MotoGP at Indy

• The Old, Old Server

• Thanks for the new Hummer! (I need to get in there and get those windows washed.)

• F1 and MotoGP Technology Available Today in the Showroom

• DeLorean (in street mode) Side Profile

• Mobile Proton Accelerator Pack

• Time-Elapsed Solar Prominence

• Plage Cloud

• Rhubarb Pie

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 1)

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 2)

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 3)

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 4)

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 5)

• Mr. Weinberg (pic 6)

• Prominences, Filaments, Plages

• Wave

• Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum

• EM Spectrum and relative sizes

• EM Doppler Shift

• White Light is All the Colors

• Photon Absorption and Emission

• Hydrogen Spectra

• Blackbody Spectral Profiles

Physics At Noblesville High

• Physics Demo at Noblesville High School

Department of Physics, IUPUI - Updated on May 27, 2020 at 7:40 AM EDT